Potato growing system

Potatoes are used as one of the main vegetables in the world.  Many farmers are interested in doing this because of the high profitability of potato farming

 Experts believe that potatoes were first cultivated in South America.  From there it went to other countries.  Potatoes were brought to India by Europeans in the seventeenth century.  Today, of course, potatoes are grown in all states in India.

 Although it is mainly used as a family, many types of food are also made from aloe vera.  In many places, potato starch, potato chop, and potato are used in potato.

 Climate

 Potatoes are a winter crop.  The hotter the fruit, the better.  So it gives good yields in winter.

 Improved varieties of potatoes

 The success of the potato crop depends largely on the quality and quality of the seed.  Some of the most advanced central potato research centers in our country have been developed by Shimila.  They are usually more effective and have a higher incidence of disease and pest control.

 The types are usually divided into three categories, namely -

 Question type (60-60 days),

 Mum Kissam (60- 100 days) and

 Delay type (110-120 days)

 What kind of question?

 Kufri Chandramukhi - It was developed in the 16th century.  Its flowers are reddish-purple.  The potatoes are a bit long and white or cream.  The eyes are shallow and the inside of the eyelids is white.  It has a duration of 60-60 days and an average yield of 200-250 quintals per hectare.  It is well preserved.  It does not prevent many diseases, including leaf spot and late blight.  It's easy to cook and delicious.  So in almost every home it is especially popular.

 Kufri Ashok - The color of its flowers is red-purple.  The white potatoes are a little long.  The eyes are shallow and the inside of the potato is white.  It has a duration of 60-60 days and an average yield of 250-300 quintals per hectare.  It can prevent many diseases, including late blight and viral infections.  It's easy to cook.

 Kufri Jewel - The color of the flowers is white.  The top color of the potatoes is white and the inside is white.  The potatoes are a bit long and the eyes are not deep.  It has a duration of 60-60 days and an average yield of 250 to 300 quintals per hectare.  It has a mild to moderate effect on late blight burns and has a strong immune system against rheumatic fever.  This is best suited for farming.

 Medium type

 Kufri Pukhraj - The flowers are white in color.  The top color of the potato is white and the inside color is yellow.  The potatoes are a little long and the eyes are shallow.  The duration of this variety is 40-45 quintals and the average yield is 35-0-400 quintals per hectare.  It prevents both premature and late blight.  This variety yields relatively high yields in less days and less resources.

 Kufri Sun - The color of the top of the potatoes is white, while the color of the inside is creamy.  It has a duration of 45-100 days and an average yield of 300-350 bills per hectare.  This variety is more suitable for making french fries as there are more potatoes than small potatoes.  This variety is best suited for growing potatoes, as it is good for potatoes in low winters.

 Kufri Jyoti - It is an old variety that is especially popular among farmers.  It was developed in the 19th century.  The flowers are white in color.  The top of the potato is white and the inside is white.  It can be cultivated in both hilly and plains.  The eyes are shallow and the potatoes are slightly elongated.  It has a duration of 60-100 days and an average yield of 250 to 300 quintals per hectare.  It protects against both early and late blight.

 Kufri Lalima - The color of the stem of the tree is almost pale.  The color of the flowers is purple.  The top of the potato is red but the inside is white.  The eyes are moderately deep.  It has a duration of 40-100 days and an average production capacity of 200-250 quintals.  This is a preventive measure against leaf spot disease.  The algae need more time to ripen.  This is a great place to start.

 Kufri Arun - Potatoes are medium in size and medium in sugarcane.  The inside of the potato is yellow.  The duration is 70-100 days and the average yield is 300-350 quintals per hectare.  This is a delayed leaf disease prevention.  It is not recommended to store the potatoes in a domestic container as the potatoes will rot if stored at home.

 King Kufri - The stems of the tree are pale and the flowers are white.  The potatoes are white in color and the inside is completely white.  The potatoes are elongated and the eyes are shallow.  It has a duration of 100-110 days and an average yield of 300-350 quintals per hectare.  It prevents both premature and late blight.

 What kind of delay?

 Kufri Sinduri - The color of the stem of the tree is mainly red-brown and the color of the flowers is red-purple.  The potatoes are round and red in color, while the inside is yellow.  The duration is 110-120 days and the average yield is 300-350 quintals per hectare.  It lasts longer.  This is a preventive measure against leaf spot disease.  This type is very suitable for low resource use situations.

 Clay

 Dorsa patumati is ideal for potato cultivation.  Alkaline soils have the potential to cause potato poisoning.  However, if the soil is slightly acidic, the potatoes will be better.  In our state, potatoes are usually planted in October-November.  However, in the hilly areas of Koraput and Phulbani, potatoes can be grown even in the rainy season.  Potato plants need more heat in the first place to grow.  But less heat is needed during fruiting.

 Farming methods

  Potatoes need good farming.  The soil should be cultivated 2-3 times in the iron plow, and the soil should be loosened by rotating the wheel.  During the cultivation period, about 8-10 vehicles per acre should be fertilized with good manure.

 Potatoes are usually planted whole or in pieces.  Potatoes weighing about 50 grams should be sown.  Today, however, almost all large potato seeds are harvested.  Each cutting requires 2 eyes per piece and should not weigh less than 50 grams per piece.  The seeds should be refined before planting.  Fifty liters of water (holding about 10 liters of water in one bowl) should be dipped in 125 to 250 grams of Dethane M-45 and immersed in potatoes before planting.  Nowadays, seeds can also be refined by the drug Emission-4.  2-3 grams of emission per 1 liter of water can be added to the potato seeds by soaking them for 10 minutes.

 After purification, the seeds need to be dried in the shade.  5 to 6 quintals of seeds are required per acre.  This is because growing potatoes requires more potatoes.

 How to apply

 Potatoes should be planted in October-November to get a good harvest.  It is always best to plant the seeds.  Because if not sprouted, not all eyes will be out of the tree at the same time.

 Potatoes are planted in a sieve.  Keep the distance between the two cages about 2 feet.  Sow seeds 6 inches apart inside the sieve.  At first, cover the soil with manure and the required amount of fertilizer.  Put the seeds on the soil and cover them again with soil.  Remember, potatoes should be planted when the weather is fine.  Otherwise, watering the soil after planting will tighten the soil, causing the tree to grow late.

 Fertilizer application

 As a good farmer, you should always check the soil and fertilize it.  However, if the soil is not tested, potatoes require 105 kg of urea or 240 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre, 200 kg of single superphosphate, and 80 kg of murate of potash.  According to this calculation, per unit (1 acre = 25 units) per unit.  About 4 kg.  Urea, 6 kg single super phosphate and 3 kg.  200 grams of Murat of Potash Fertilizer is required.

 From this fertilizer, apply all the single superphosphate, half a potash and one-third of the urea or ammonium sulfate to the soil through the sieve.  Apply the remaining urea or ammonium sulfate fertilizer in two parts, one part at the first hood and the other at the second hood.  Apply the remaining amount of potash to the hood for the second time.

 25-30 days after planting, pick the grass and remove the hood.  After 15 to 20 days, lift the hood a second time.

 Irrigation

 Irrigation when planting potatoes can help the tree grow faster.  It is necessary to irrigate the sieve after removing the first hood.  But do not overdo it.  The water level should be as high as two-thirds of the water level when the water level rises.  Potatoes should be turned off 15 days before harvest.

 Harvest

 Properly covered, it will withstand a great deal of adverse conditions.  "After the potatoes are harvested, we need to take care of them."  Potatoes of different sizes should be separated.  Potatoes need to be stored in cold storage for longer storage.

 Diseases and worms:

 Potato brittleness and late brittleness are among the diseases that occur in potato crops.

 Early blight

 ରୋଗ The disease occurs between December and January.  The disease causes small brown spots on the leaves.  As the disease progresses, the leaves of the tree will fall off, as well as the dew, twigs, and potatoes.

 To prevent this, it is necessary to plant immunity seeds.  In addition, one seed per potato before planting to purify the seed.  Soak 4 grams in a liter of water in a solution of Dethene M-45 for 20 minutes.  In addition, 1 kg of dyten per acre.  JZ-4 or 450 g of Dethane M-75 should be mixed with 200 liters of water and sprayed on potato seedlings three times every 10 days.

 Late blight

 ଏପରି It is so named because it is late.  The disease usually occurs between January and February.  The disease causes brown spots on the edges of the leaves.  When it rains with cold cloudy weather, these spots grow rapidly, affecting the entire leaf and stem.

 Potatoes need to be planted in early October or late November to prevent the spread of the disease.  Drying 1 kg of Dethane JD-4 or 450 g of Dethane M-75 per acre in 200 liters of water three times every 10 days protects against the disease.

 Magical disease:

 The disease occurs when the temperature is high.  The disease is only diagnosed during harvest.  The disease is characterized by black or brown round or star-shaped spots on the potatoes.  To prevent the spread of the disease, the seeds should be soaked in 0.5% emissive solution for 20 minutes before planting potatoes, and the application of 12 kg / acre of brasil to prevent the spread of the disease.

 Worm:

 Potato crops contain a wide variety of insects, such as aphids, beetles, and moths.  In addition, 300 milliliters of endosulfan per acre, or 400 grams of carbaryl, or 400 milliliters of quinafos, or 400 milliliters of fasalone, or 400 milliliters of dimethyl acetate, can be used to prevent pests.