Cereals wheat

Wheat is one of the most widely cultivated winter crops in many parts of the world. It is a white national food crop. It contains a large amount of protein called mandate. Wheat flour, flour and semolina are made. The main food of the people in the area is wheat, which produces a wide variety of foods from wheat, bread, tandoori, puri parable, halua, and biscuits. Different types of foods made from wheat are higher in vitamin B, thiamine, vitamin B, and niacin than in other white foods. Wheat is high in nutrients and contains a substance called gluten, which makes good bread. Foodstuffs made from 100 grams of wheat contained 41.2 grams of white sugar, 1.5 grams of sugar, 11.8 grams of nutrients, 41 milligrams of calcium, 7.8 milligrams of iron, 14 micrograms of vitamin A, 14 micrograms, and 5 micrograms of vitamins. . Of this, 34 kg. Calories are available.

The center of origin

Southwest Asia is its origin. Wheat is the world's main food grain Wheat is the second largest food grain in India. It is believed that the Aryans first brought wheat to our country. Wheat has been widely distributed throughout the world since its inception.

In terms of higher production per hectare, the first - UK And the second is Germany.

In India, Uttar Pradesh is second in size, Madhya Pradesh is second, Punjab is third, Bihar is fourth.

In India, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Bihar are the major wheat producing states.

Climate:

Wheat is a winter crop. It is usually sown in March and harvested in the month of Chait-Baishakh. Irrigation is required for wheat crops. The 20-C temperature is suitable for this purpose. In Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, all the states are particularly favorable for wheat cultivation due to the cold winters and prolonged winters.

Temperatures:

C - C for wheat germination - C - C for milk germination - C - C for milk germination. The higher the temperature, the better the germs, the lower the germination ability, the better the organ growth, and the faster the germination process. Wheat crops need a cold and humid atmosphere. The night temperature should not be too high during milking after flowering. The higher the temperature, the higher the respiration rate of the plant. Whites are made during the day and are consumed at night. Wheat does not go from white to white. Wheat is chewy and prickly, resulting in reduced yields. In coastal districts, wheat must be sown before November 20, after which sowing will reduce wheat yields.

Wheat production in Odisha

Wheat cultivation costs less than rice cultivation. Wheat is easy to grow and requires less water. As much as one acre of paddy is needed, 3-4 acres of wheat can be cultivated. It has fewer diseases and pests, and is more nutritious than rice.

Wheat production in Odisha:

About 1 lakh tonnes of wheat is produced from the state of Odisha. In order to be self-sufficient in wheat production, wheat has to be cultivated more extensively. Wheat cultivation is on the rise in Odisha. Compared to the coastal area, the central valley, the eastern part of the mountain range, is wider for wheat cultivation. In the coastal areas, wheat production is 18-15 quintals per hectare, while in all these areas it is 35-40 quintals. Wheat cultivation should therefore be considered intensively in inter-district areas. Wheat can be grown very well if sown in a timely manner and approved. Wheat can be grown in well-irrigated areas, wells, ponds and canals.

Sowing

Wheat varieties Sonalika, Janak, U.P. - 262 (U.P - 262) Sagarika and Utkalika are suitable for the Indian climate. Sagarika and Utkalika. A Jean Bangra and Janak and U.P. - 262 Two Jin Bangra. Scientists from Sagarika (OW-6) and Utkalika (OW-80 - 3) of the Indian University of Agriculture and Technology have created for Odisha. These two types of seeds are suitable for the short-term winter environment in Odisha. The main characteristics of the seed are given below

Happened -

Sonalika:

The wheat ripens in 100-110 days. These plants are not particularly pruned and have the same number of stems. The height of the tree is 105 cm. The leaves are long and pale in color, and the green, wheat chops have brown spots. Its seeds are large. Even when the tree is dry, the wheat does not fall. It is almost non-contagious. The average yield per hectare in Odisha's climate is 38-45 quintals.

Janak (HD 182):

Wheat is harvested in 105-115 days. Its ability to give birth is greater than that of Sonalika. The height of the tree is 45 cm. . Its leaves are pale green. Wheat is brown in color, which is good for late sowing. It contains 13.6% nutrients. It has the ability to withstand measles and mumps. It makes good bread. This variety yields up to 40 quintals per hectare.

Sagarika

This wheat seed has a heat tolerance difference and can be grown in areas with low temperatures. The height of the tree is 100 cm. Straw, so that the wheat does not fall asleep. Sowing in late yields good results. It is harvested in 45 - 105 days. This type of leaf has the ability to withstand burns. Its seeds are thick and white. The yield is 50 quintals per hectare.

Utkalika:

Can be grown in areas with low temperatures. The leaves have a strong tolerance to burns. It is harvested in 45-105 days. The grains are white and thick. It can yield 50 quintals per hectare.

Uttar Pradesh - 262:

Height 40 cm . Pill - usually gives. It is harvested in 100-110 days. The seeds are dark in color, thick and strong.

Suitable soils for wheat cultivation:

High and moderate soils are suitable for wheat cultivation. Salt and alkaline soils do not improve wheat yields. It is not advisable to cultivate wheat in areas where there is no water or drainage facilities.

Sowing time:

The time from the end of Kartik to the middle of March (the 3rd week of November to the 2nd week of December) is suitable for sowing wheat. The seeding begins 10–12 days after the wheat grows. The lower the temperature, the higher the number of piles. The winters in Odisha are held from December 15 to January 15. In winter, winters increase in inter-district areas. It lasts until the end of the month (January 20-25). So it can be sown 15 days late in inter-districts.

Land ready:

The land needs to be prepared 8-10 days before sowing. If there is no soil in the soil, the soil should be filled with water and plowed. During the cultivation of the soil, the roots and roots of the previous crop should be removed and set on fire. By cultivating 5 and 7 oats, the soil is well grounded and the soil leveled. During the last oat cultivation, 5 tons of manure per hectare, compost should be mixed well. 5% quinine fossil powder weighs 25 kg. It is necessary to spread the soil well per hectare and add it to the soil. The required amount of raw material is also required before the last oat crop.

Strap made:

The strips are made for sowing wheat. If the land is too slippery, the hood is placed in the middle of the strip. This will facilitate drainage and drainage. There should be a water pipe one foot wide between the two strips. The crop should not be watered too much. Regularly irrigated as needed reduces the cost of irrigation and increases production.

Seed quantity:

By the end of November, sowing was 110-120 kg / ha. And sowed 150 kg in late December. Seeds are needed.

Seed treatment:

The use of refined seeds can help prevent infections, leaf spot and leaf blight. After 5–6 hours of soaking the seeds in water for 5-6 hours, the filtered water needs to be dried very thinly for 4-5 hours in the dry heat. That means drying from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Then a kg. 2.5 grams of Vitavax or Bavistin powder per seed should be well mixed. But for other diseases, per kg. The seeds need to be thoroughly mixed with 2-3 grams of captain or thiram or ACiman. Seed purification can be used to kill germs at low cost. Therefore, it is important to clear the seeds before sowing.

Sowing method:

Sowing in a row of wheat makes it easier to remove the coda. And it is convenient to keep the right number of trees on the land. Row 20 cm apart. 6-8 cm in intervals and rows. Better a poor horse than no horse at all. When the soil is 2-3 inches thick, the seedlings should be planted 5 cm apart. It needs to be sown deep. Seedlings germinate too deeply and germinate. In Derry, the sprouts grow and the trees do not grow strong. Therefore, the yield is reduced. Wheat is sown in row machines or plows. Cut the sieve inside the pot and cut the sieve 8-10 cm. Covering the soil with fertilizer below, sowing seeds on it is of great benefit. Sowing fertilizer and seeds with the help of a row sawing machine has many benefits. When sowing and fertilizing with the help of row machines, the spacing between the rows stays the same and the fertilizer and seeds fall at the right depth.

Fertilizer application:

Soil should be tested and applied to the soil. If the soil is not tested, the inland area will be 50 kg per hectare. Jabsarjan, 50 kg. Phosphorus and 60 kg. Potassium fertilizers are applied, in coastal districts at a rate of 40 kg per hectare. Jabsarjan, 60 kg. Phosphorus and 30 kg. Potassium should be used as a dietary supplement. Before sowing, all the phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be applied to the soil with a mixture of half the nitrogen. Then it is better to cover the soil and sow seeds on it. Otherwise, after applying the fertilizer, the seedlings need to be sown. It is necessary to apply half an acre of fertilizer before Koda Khusa for 14 to 21 days of harvest. Fertilizers need to be well mixed with the soil. In light and sandy soils, it is best to apply nitrogen fertilizer 3 times. This means that once before sowing, 50 + 25 + 25 applications are required a second time in 15-20 days after the root sprouts and a third time in 35 days.

Intermediate farming

Within 12 to 15 days of germination, the shoot or crown is out of the root. At this point, the application of nitrogen fertilizer, weed selection and irrigation can be done to facilitate the root growth of the tree. As a result, more and more elephants are out. If there is too much grass in the kiari, the grass should be picked 15 days after sowing. Applying fertilizer in the middle of the sieve will make the fertilizer blend with the soil. The result will be better pills and better handling. Running a rake feeder on a row of sown wheat will make the soil dry and the grass will die. It is best to reapply for 30-35 days.

Weed control chemicals -

1 to 2 kg per hectare. A. Adding 400 liters of water can be sprayed 21 days after sowing the wheat. This medicine should not be used if a small amount of wheat is found. It is used only when the wheat tree is killing the elephant. The following are the names and uses of some of the herbivores sold in the market.

The name of the herbicide

Trade name sold in the market

Formulation

A.I. %

Per hectare

2 - 4 - D

Bladesk - G.

Amine solution

700 ml

2 - 4 - D

Wider

Amine solution

700 ml

Bladesk - c

Easter solution

1.4 liters

Widin

Easter solution

1.4 liters

Tafasid

Sodium

Water control in wheat crops -

When sowing seeds in a wheat field, 5 cm above the ground. The soil should be deep. If there is no water, the first thing to do is to sow the water when the soil is wet. Adding pre-sowing water dries out the soil and prevents germination. When the wheat germinates, it does not absorb nutrients from the dried soil, except for 5 seedlings or seminal roots. Therefore, it is important to keep the soil moist during sowing. Bangra wheat yields are significantly lower than those of drought, dengue, and wheat. Wheat is usually sown in loamy soil. Wheat germinates in 5-6 days after 10-12 days after germination. This hair is called the top. The first irrigation should be given at the time of emergence. At the same time, if the soil is not wet, the top roots outside will not be able to absorb the nutrients. Adding water increases the number of root canals and increases the absorption of nutrients, making the child healthier, stronger and more productive. Water is essential during the wheat crisis. If water is depleted, the crop will be irreparably damaged. Without irrigation at this time, the yield will be greatly reduced. Eight high-yielding Bangra wheat grains have been identified. Irrigation is essential during that water crisis. They were -

Crisis time

Time of day after sowing